One is due to the recurring situation of water shortage in the overload or excessive shock caused by serious. Such as day and night driving a taxi, its batteries often without water also works on their float lead generators, causing fever Dell Inspiron 1300 battery short-circuit plate scrap battery bending cases of overcharging, the electrolyte is temperature, and the serious, such as boiling, like rolling up and down the electrolyte washed the plate, the powder will decrease with time, and pay the higher accumulation of lead powder, contour to the touch when you put the plate lead short-circuited, so that debris from the battery. Sulfuric acid solution with the traditional lead-acid batteries in vehicles in the process of its solution continuously washed plates, but also likely to cause plaque limed off, this is not a way to repair the end of battery life, the taxi on the scrap batteries are more than 90% can not repair.

The second battery is inferior product, refurbished battery, do not follow national standards developed by brand name batteries. The electrode of the battery and the solution are extremely bad in itself, let alone the quality of the new time will give more power, but it can not last long, it can be saved by scrapping.

The third situation is completely sealed lead acid VGP-BPL11 battery, this battery isolation sandwiched between two electrode plates, such as wool felt and others who are full absorption of electrolytes. The battery is not affected by the effects of plaque reduction, which scrapped the reason is that most part of the cards often “irreversible cure” phenomenon caused by the panel that produced crystals of sulphate White lead to the plate The effective area smaller and smaller, so that smaller and smaller battery capacity, meaning that the original charge of a battery can run 40 km bike, and not later work only 20 km, the last 1 km is also Pao Bule, just discarded.

To lead plates of the battery acid crystals produced PBS reasons are manifold, the longest is to see a long-term investment without the battery, such as car manufacturers begin shipping the long-term n ‘ have not sold a car parked in the garage, time for a long time, and sell Dabu Zhao fire when the car battery wrong, because the board has a very large surface to generate crystals of PBS. If the owner of the private car of a long business trip abroad, they will find car Dabu Zhao responded, he did not budge. Another example is a serious over-discharge, but it will also lead plates of the battery acid produces large surface crystals of lead sulfide have been rejected as forgetting to turn off the lights, open all night on the motorcycle battery is fatal. Anatomical These are all sealed lead-acid VGP-BPS13/S batteries, you can see a crystal of sulphate of lead white plates have two interrelated, pull Abdullah not open at that time, both originals volts per cell (12-volt battery is composed of six cells in series) is now close to zero volts.

No matter if it is sealed or unsealed batteries, those who have been rejected for the reasons above, and be able to recover. The pulse of modern technology allows this “irreversible cure” phenomenon a reversible phenomenon. The author in 1999 made such a device, made many years of trials, the effects were very good, the anatomy has been repaired Fully sealed lead acid batteries, you can see a board very white crystals of lead sulfate have virtually disappeared, repair before the VGP-BPS10A/B battery voltage has recovered to nearly normal voltage zero-volt battery, this time dependent and discharge according to the conventional approach to its charge and discharge, and found that its capacity has been restored to 90% or over 100%.

According to U.S. sources, however, using this pulse technique for the repair of batteries, their useful life can be prolonged by more than five times, I have not had this experience and the quality of our internal battery failing this, but I would like to formally Plant production of batteries for electric bicycles, repairs will double its life expectancy is increased.

To prolong the life of lead acid batteries in 1999, I also developed a passive protection device, which is connected to both ends of the stack by stack electronics, it is low power. Since each crystal before it is cited as a core because it does not it also can not form crystals. The principle of electronic products is to use the pulse continuously added to the same committee, so it can not form nuclei, which can produce crystals of sulphate of lead white, speak a simple language can be considered the pulse of continuous washing of the plates so that the battery can be given sufficient power. Use of this protector of the owners feel they have enough power. In the north, due to the cold in the morning cars are often Dabu fire Zhao, whether such protective devices used, can be avoided outside of this evil.

According to the different types of fuel battery electrolytes can be divided into:

(1) Fuel batteries at low temperature, such as fuel battery solid polymer electrolyte (PEMFC) and alkaline fuel battery (AFC);

(2) Phosphate acid fuel battery (PAFC);

(3) Fuel battery molten carbonates (MCFC);

(4) Solid oxide fuel battery (SOFC) and so on.

SOFC is the second PAFC, MCFC greater efficiency of energy conversion after the third generation system, fuel battery, is considered the most effective systems and universal power generation, especially as decentralized power plants , scientists from various countries are being attracted great interest. It is the fuel and oxidant gases by an ion-conductive ceramics, and generation of strong electric power and energy for the state apparatuses of conversion, it is also known as fuel batteries ceramic.

Include SOFC electrolyte and two electrodes. In the cathode, the air of oxygen dissociation into oxygen ions, two electrodes through the solid electrolyte membrane between migration to the anode / electrolyte interface of the reaction of fuel. Outside the circuit, the anode to the cathode of the electron flow generated DC. SOFC solid electrolyte is the most central parts. Her performance is not only a direct impact on the work of the VGP-BPS10 battery temperature and the efficiency of power conversion, but also determines the required matching electrode material and the corresponding choice of preparation technology. Discovered so far may be used for SOFC oxygen ion conductor mainly fluorite phase structure of ZrO2-based, CeO2-based, Bi2O3-based materials and the perovskite-type structure LaGaO3 based materials.

In addition to the overall merits of the SOFC fuel battery also has the following characteristics: Adaptability of the fuel can be a variety of fuels, including the case of carbon-based fuels to run, does not require the the use of noble metal catalyst, the use of all semiconductor components state, there is no right, leakage corrosion management issues; blocks of solid, flexible, and therefore the size and the ‘install location. These characteristics make fuel efficiency for electricity production at the time the cycle has the potential of more than 60%, while the effectiveness of the entire system, up to 85%, 1MW SOFC / M3 power density, the design of the block may be as high as for 3MW / m 3. In fact, SOFCs can be used to produce energy, thermal recycling, transportation, aerospace and many other areas of space known as the 21st century green energy.

SOFC research and development of the future based on the following aspects:

1. New electrode materials and other components of the VGP-BPS13 battery development.

Modification of other SOFC components, allowing the system to optimize the structure to meet the average fuel battery operation temperature, the development of the temperature conditions in a given activity in the same time, they met the electrolyte performance is the electrode material, improve the structure of micro-electrodes. A nano-electrode is a possible route. It has small particles, increasing the three-phase industry (catalytic center) in length and electrode / contact area of the electrolyte, which significantly reduces the interface resistance, may also reduce the thickness of ‘electrode, so that gas is more easily spread in the three-phase interface, decreases due to concentration polarization electrode caused by the reduced efficiency of the battery.

2. Head Proton and Proton – Development of ion mixed conductive electrolyte.

For a proton conductor as electrolyte, the water produced in the oxidizer side, so there will be no driver of oxygen ions as electrolyte, as, after the reaction of the fuel batteries needed to remove water fuel. When using methane gas and other hydrocarbons, only the pyrolysis of these fuels can be considered as the fuel hydrogen proton conducting fuel batteries, while the remaining part of the restructuring could serve as a useful product is retained by the reaction of batteries such as ethane, after their return – availability of ethylene. Some electrochemical reaction must use the proton conductive material. Such as emissions of H2S industry to cope with this fuel VGP-BPS11 battery can produce electricity at the same time, be a useful byproduct of S2.

3. Study of the mechanism of proton conduction and to develop sufficiently in the conductivity of proton-conducting temperature.

This is a promising line of research. It must be said – proton mixed conductor of ions is a solid electrolyte, to find the material itself is a new challenge, which, for deepening our understanding of new SOFC has a special meaning.

4. New concepts and methods.

The recent emergence of the single battery fuel chamber is a new concept. Despite its many shortcomings, but it is a research direction is worthwhile. His main interest lies right to our future design of the battery to provide useful inspiration. For the structure of the electrode material, the majority of electrodes traditional asymmetric electrodes, said cathode and anode materials used in the individual. If you are using symmetric electrodes, the battery performance will be? It deserves to be studied. For methods of VGP-BPL11 battery preparation, the method currently used mostly expensive, finished product rate is low. Research and development of soft chemical preparation routes, the introduction of light conditions, methods of physical preparation is required to have a strong competitive advantage.