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Circuit the battery works

Circuit with protection against overloads, more protection against discharge, protection against overcurrent and short circuit protection, it works as follows: toshiba NB100 battery toshiba NB200 battery

1, normal

In the circuit of the normal state of N1 CO “and” DO “feet high output voltage, the MOSFET are two state, the battery can be charged and discharged freely, as the MOSFET resistance is very low, usually small 30 cents in Europe, so that the resistance has little effect on circuit performance. 7 | the state of the circuit protective levels microA current consumption, typically less than 7μA.

2, the load protection

The lithium-ion batteries require charging method for the constant current / constant voltage, the first loads, the constant current charging with the charging voltage increase to 4.2V (depending on different materials cathode, and a few batteries require constant value of 4.1V) at a constant voltage until the current is getting smaller. Battery is charging, the charger circuit so out of control, will continue after the battery voltage exceeds 4.2V constant current charging, the battery voltage will continue to increase at this time, when the battery voltage is charged more than 4.3 V, the chemistry of the battery side effects will increase, causing damage or safety problems of the battery. acer BATBL50L6 battery sony VGP-BPS9/S

In the battery with protection circuit when the control IC to detect the battery voltage reaches 4.28V (This value is determined by the control, different IC IC have different values), his “change CO pin” the high voltage to zero voltage V2 from the fork to cut the load circuit, the charger can not recharge the battery, play on the load protection. V2 comes at a time because the existence of the diode VD2 body, the battery can through the diode of the external load to the landfill.

In the control IC to detect the battery voltage exceeds 4.28V to send the signal from V2, there is a time delay, the duration of the delay time decided by the C3, usually set at 1 second, to avoid errors interference caused by the judge. IBM thinkpad r50 battery IBM thinkpad r51 battery

3, protection against discharge

external load on the process of discharging the battery, the voltage will gradually decrease as the discharge process when the battery voltage to 2.5V and its capacity has been completely shine, this time the load if the battery continues to discharge, the battery would result in permanent damage.

The process of discharging the battery when the control IC to detect the battery voltage falls below 2.3V (the value used by the control, different IC IC have different values), the “DO” High voltage changes from zero feet of tension, provides the V1 off by the turn, cutting off the discharge circuit, the battery can not discharge the burden, has played more protection against discharge. V1 comes at a time because the existence of the body diode VD1, the charger can charge the battery of the diode. toshiba pa3465u-1brs toshiba pa3480u-1brs

As in the past state of protection against the discharge of the battery voltage can be reduced, which requires protection circuit consumes very little power at this time control IC will enter a state of low power consumption power circuit protection will be less than 0.1μA.

In the control IC to detect the battery voltage falls below 2.3V to send the signal between the V1, but also a time delay, the duration of the delay time decided by the C3, usually set at 100 milliseconds, to avoid interference caused by misdiagnosis.

4, protection against overcurrent

As the chemical properties of lithium-ion battery manufacturer provides its maximum discharge does not exceed 2C (C = battery capacity / time), when the battery discharging current more than 2C cause permanent damage or problems with battery safety. toshiba pa3535u-1brs toshiba pa3591u-1brs

Introduction

To ensure that the equipment unattended (such as absenteeism, etc.), even after the start, often to join the battery as backup power. In the grid after the beginning of the power equipment of the battery. At this point, you must set the battery protection circuit discharge. The simplest protection is to establish a protection threshold battery voltage when the battery voltage to this threshold, the automatic disconnection of the circuit, stops feeding the load. However, the load is disconnected, the voltage across the battery to rise rapidly above the threshold voltage, circuit re-open so that the battery was the power load, then repeat the “One Off One Off a look at “oscillation process, until the battery is completely discharged. This is the battery life will be a great influence, even damage the battery. Therefore, we must develop a function with a hysteresis circuit automatic protection. Dell Inspiron 1501 battery Dell Inspiron 9300 battery

Currently on the market a few chips ready-made battery protection can be used, but these chips typically used in lithium battery voltage level of protection and more focused around 5V. In some applications of high-voltage battery, for example, 10V to 50V supply system can be applied. This article provides a simple and effective hysteresis area with battery protection circuit, set the two threshold voltages, to avoid oscillations, but also because these two thresholds can be set to any resistance, it can be applied to hundreds of volts battery system.

1 Principle of Protection

Assume that the battery voltage Ubat, the only system to establish a teaching hospital voltage protection threshold. Then, when the battery voltage is lower than the UHC, the output of low comparator circuit, the load is disconnected. However, the removal of the load, the voltage across the battery quickly grew to more than UHC, the comparator output is still high, the load must be access to the training of the oscillation. Dell Inspiron Mini 10 battery Dell XPS M1210 battery

However, if the circuit is located in the comparison of two threshold voltages: UTHH and UTHL (UTHH> UTHL), you can create a zone of hysteresis. When the battery voltage is increased from low to UTHH, the comparator output is high, open the electronic switch, power to the load when the battery voltage down to UTHL, the comparator output low, disconnecting the load. Although this time the battery voltage to rise rapidly over UTHL, but fail to UTHH, therefore, the comparator output is still low, the load is disconnected until the battery is charged, the voltage can be increased to more than UTHH new connected load. This avoids the oscillation circuit to protect the load and battery. Dell Inspiron B130 battery Dell Latitude D820 battery

Although the vast majority of comparison circuits both with hysteresis, but most often within the circuit voltage hysteresis hysteresis (ie a UTHH UTHL) than 5mV to 10mV, simply can not be used to protect over discharge. Figure 2 (a) the use of feedback comparator circuit output voltage adjusts automatically from the reference value, the input voltage at different time intervals were compared and the threshold voltage conversion UTHH UTHL between the two. Figure 2 (b) shows the output when the input signal changes in response to the use of the comparator output signal to drive the electronic switch, where production is high, the battery is access systems, where the output is low, the load is disconnected. dell inspiron e1505 battery dell inspiron e1705 battery

Since then, even if the battery voltage is below UTHH, but as always more than UTHL, the battery has been at the output state after the voltage UTHL, production is low, the load is disconnected. Meanwhile, in a threshold VT, the threshold voltage re-translated into UTHH, although the removal of the load to increase the voltage of the battery terminal, but still below UTHH, the burden will not be returned. This effectively protects the battery, extended battery life. dell inspiron b130 battery dell inspiron e1405 battery

Previously, many manufacturers produce a variety of products pretty standard lithium ion battery, its maximum load voltage of 4.2 V ± 1%. Therefore, the majority of lithium-ion battery charging current IC was designed to 4.2V ± 1% tight tolerance for loading. IBM thinkpad z60t battery 40Y6799

However, in recent years, a new generation of battery technology lithium-ion has entered the market. They offer high power density, receive more than previous generations of battery charge and discharge, and according to the manufacturer’s different, they come with different charging voltage. This design idea to modify a standard, high-end application circuit charger IC, providing different charging voltage and higher current ratio at the same time, maintaining all functions of the original charger.

In this case, the model is rechargeable batteries manufactured by the system ANR26650m1 A123. It takes work and 3A (1.3C) mode standard load, and be capable of 10A (4.34C) and 3.6V charging voltage for fast charging. Therefore, it represents the voltage range 4.2V to 3.6V, the type of battery. Figure 1 shows the circuit of the (already) at 1-4 lithium batteries designed IC (MAX1737) for the circuit implementation has been modified. By joining the micro-power dual op amp (MAX4163), and some resistance, this change allows you to recharge the battery of 3.6V. apple a1280 apple a1281 apple a1008

In addition, amendments have changed the value of the current sensing resistor (RCS), thus increasing the standard rate (3A) has accepted the A123 battery charge current limit. Displays power components N1, N2, D1, D4 and L1 for the charge current up to 3A.

In addition to 3A of current, the external switch N1-N2 must be assessed as having a high leakage current, however, have a similar voltage drain. They should not generate data in the table that the total recommended values MAX1737 most current switch. If the load current exceeds 3A, the diodes D1 and D4 of the maximum rated current should be increased.

MAX1737 internal charger is set at 4.2 V ± 0.8% tolerance, the constant current mode (CC) to switch to constant voltage (CV). The MAX4163 dual op amp configuration to change the threshold. Amplifier A2 are connected to an amplifier positive phase of 1.16, so that when the input is 3.6V, 4.2V output generated. The output of op amp A2 is connected to the charger terminal BATT (usually a sensor for measuring the battery voltage), so now switch voltage 3.6V Battery Charger DC CV. apple a1012 apple a1022 apple a1060

The entrance to the op amp A2 to be connected to the positive terminal of the battery. If the op amp A2 associated with resistance to a tolerance of 1%, then the error voltage is 3.62 V -1.1% / +1.2%. Tolerance to the use of small case of resistance, this error can approach error Charger (0.8%). Using the charger Vadj (pin 8), you can achieve greater accuracy.

The operational amplifier A1 is configured with a gain of a differential amplifier, the reference voltage (assuming the differential input voltage is zero when the output voltage) the output of A2. A1 output is connected to the part of the AC charger. (CI load sensing the voltage between BATT and CS difference.) Rcs When reduced to zero voltage across, and the BATT voltage difference between the CS also zero. A1 Rcs differential input connected to both ends, so that the voltage across it? IC needs? The circuit gain of 1 copy BATT and CS as a voltage difference between the two ends. By ISETOUT VREF terminal is set at half of the battery to 3.6 V constant voltage of each cell in the output A1 to 0.100 V / RCSΩ load current delivery. toshiba pa3191u-2brs toshiba pa3191u-3brs

Charger input for detecting these changes will affect other parameters, one is allowed to start full charge voltage (when not modified, the charger is 2.5V / per cell). Now put on the use of CC / CV as a factor in switching voltage amplifier A2, to reduce the voltage (up to 2.14V). When connecting the battery voltage is below 2.14V, the charger in the pre-assessment model quality, in which the tenth IOUT to wear until the voltage is increased to over 2.14V. It was only then for the rate of full load.

Maximum dual op amp power supply circuit to charge the battery to the maximum of two sessions. toshiba tecra a7 battery toshiba pa3191u-1brs