HP Laptop Battery Super Blog Here

Currently, scientists are still often try to vacuum tubes (vacuumtubes) for processing of micro-enterprises, but not many examples of success, especially due to the types of glass packaging in most applications, the valve was replaced by transistors.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign), researchers have argued that the vacuum tubes can be used as an apple iBook G4 12 inch battery with high energy density, or non-volatile memory of the base, said that, in theory, nano-sized picture of the energy density of vacuum tubes up to three times the lithium-ion battery.

Researchers at the University of Illinois AlfredHubler with OnyeamaOsuagwu, published an article titled “Quantum Digital batteries: The energy and density of nano-tube array is stored in the paper, but research is still theoretical, but the practical verification.

The document is based on establishing the presence of emission devices (field-emissiondevices) has clearly allows the study of current through the structure, the authors argue that the operative field emission of nano-level through an appropriate design, be able to Electrical Breakdown (electricbreakdown) to the quantum phenomenon of compression, the distance difference of 10 nm, under its hp Pavilion DV1000 battery capacity is very high.

The nano-matrix structure of the tube, the critical spacing is slightly larger than the distance of 10 nm at the cathode and anode, the rules of the cathode to the vertical alignment, with knots of advanced lithography of now fairly. Authors noted that the energy density of vacuum is subjected to a vacuum breakdown (vacuumbreakdown) is limited, but below atmospheric pressure 106torr circumstances, the electric field would not rely on the residual gas (residualgas) but with the electrode surface characteristics.

Document stresses that the nano-tube energy / power density than Lithium-ion 6Y270 batteries and electrochemical capacitors (electrochemicalcapacitors), the estimated weight per kg energy density up to 1-Mjoules while the volume density of energy per cubic meter up to 3 Gjoules. And the quantum number of the battery (even if it’s the number 1 billion combined in a network of vacuum tubes), there are many other benefits.

First, the tube may be a lithography technology and the traditional cake application of metallic materials, the silicon substrate to produce and can be done using silicon oxide in the tube wall insulation material d anode is recommended for carbon nanotubes cathode materials, you can use tungsten (tungsten). In addition, the battery can be easily integrated into the substrate of integrated circuit chip that can be used as rechargeable batteries.

Table vacuum tube, there are other advantages, including its charge and discharge rate exceed all other components; authors also stressed that, due to nano-tubes can be maintained for several years without loss of Electric Power May be used as nonvolatile memory components.

In the market for electric bicycles, the most commonly used is the lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, which uses the adsorption shingles fiberglass battery AGM, and the use of colloidal gel based gel technology batteries electrolyte.

Lead-lead acid battery-acid 6Y270 battery works in the anode (PbO2) and cathode (PB) soaked in electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid), have clusters of inter-2v power. Discharge of chemical changes in dilute sulfuric acid, which work with the cathode and anode active counseling react to produce new compounds, lead sulfate. Sulfuric acid composition released by the discharge of the electrolyte flow over the concentration of sulfuric acid from the thinnest. The consumption of components and is proportional to the amount of discharge, as the measured concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte, which is measured the specific gravity, it turns out that the volume of discharge or the residual power. Loading of the chemical modification of the discharge plate anode, a cathode plate is produced by the reduction of lead sulphate in the charge was broken down into sulfuric acid, lead and lead peroxide, so that concentration of electrolyte in the battery gradually increases, which is the electrolyte, the proportion of the increase and a gradual return to pre-discharge levels, this shows that the battery has been restored to the active substance can be re -powered state when the bipolar lead sulfate has been restored to the original active substance, which is equivalent to charging the tip of the plate cathode to produce hydrogen, the anode plate is produced oxygen, the burden to the finals, almost all current is used in the electrolysis of water, which the electrolyte is reduced at this time should complete the water.

AGM battery is a F2024B battery in the infusion of dilute sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid is absorbed in the ultra-fine fiber separator glass plates and almost no flow of electro-hydraulics. Currently on the market majority of AGM batteries battery electric bike.

Gel-type electrolyte gel gel battery is not free after the electro-hydraulic and battery acid leakage is much less likely than the first infusion of his more than 10 ~ 15% sulfuric acid, the loss water was low and it would not freeze the battery water loss caused by failure; gel made in increasing the intensity of the score, the protection of the plate to compensate for the case of partition shrinkage defects in acid, so the editing is not easy to reduce the pressure to extend the life of the battery with one of the reasons, filling the clap and frost the gap between the plates thereby reducing the internal resistance of the battery charge acceptance could be improved. Therefore, an excessive discharge of gel batteries, the capacity of recovery of Shaanxi and loads at low temperature discharge performance is higher than AGM batteries, gel consistency of the stack is much better than competing batteries AGM. China has been mass produced gel has the following four categories: Gas gum, silica sol, soil mixed with a gel organic silicon polymer.

Lithium-ion VGP-BPS2 battery works are recharging the battery, the cathode material of lithium-out, through the diaphragm into the graphite anode, the battery discharges, the lithium-ion and off of ‘graphite anode, cathode material through the membrane back in. With lithium-ion loading and unloading of continuous positive and negative molding and prolapse.

Lithium-Ion battery is a rechargeable battery, because it has a high energy density may be high current charge and discharge, no memory effect, raw materials, low cost, environmentally friendly and Many other advantages, so after the advent of the rapid increase in sales year after year in the future will probably become two sub-cells winner. 90 years since the beginning of last century, since the electronic products in button batteries, cell phones, digital dc products in the lithium battery is also applied to electric bicycles. However, the cost of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles accounted for one third to half the cost is much greater than lead acid batteries in vehicle weight. And because the lithium batteries of high specific energy, materials, poor stability, lithium batteries subject to safety problems. As technology developed lithium-ion battery electric vehicles will become a trend of high quality.

KDDI launched models of mobile phone brand in 2009 summer “SOLAR PHONE SH002. Sharp is the main features of this phone is the first time in Japan back in the chassis is equipped with a solar toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery module. In emergency situations such as battery margin is equal to zero, it can be used as an auxiliary power source. “Prosecution sun for about 10 minutes when the call lasts about 1 minute in standby could insist on approximately 2 hours (KDDI).

SH002 is also a charger, it also equipped with a reception at single band, FeliCa e-billing capabilities, the GPS receiver and Bluetooth transceiver functions such as high-end mobile phones in Japan, all features function of “full” model. And also has a resistance level IPX5/IPX7 water. Produced with the assistance of technical personnel has been dismantling.

Anti-noise solar battery module

First, look at the screen with a parts of the solar battery module. Sharp is equipped with solar A1008 battery module development. Dimension of about 67.5mm x 41.0mm x 0.8mm. To achieve the thickness of 0.8mm, using the technology of semiconductor packaging. “Whether domestic large-scale solar battery module thin. Tectonics completely different” (technical staff, a Japanese manufacturer of solar battery).

According to Sharp this conversion efficiency of solar battery modules is 13%, the maximum output power of 300mW Note 1). The output voltage of 4.5V, the voltage can be used for lithium-ion batteries. “10 The output voltage of 0.5 V solar battery polycrystalline silicon serial (the technical staff above). Module grounding has 9 dorsal electrode. Assisting in the dismantling of Japanese manufacturers of mobile phones and technical staff to speculate: “module of solar batteries may play a role in the antenna can easily generate electromagnetic noise. Thus, to take an anti-noise measurements. “

Shows part of the chassis is equipped with features of low power consumption of 1.1-inch monochrome e-paper. Solar battery module can display the feeding process with the performance when loading and free talk time. E-paper with a bright side to sensors, from the values obtained in the module’s electronic paper display in the use of solar BATCL50L batteries in the process of charging efficiency.

SH002 The main emphasis on two motherboards to PCB. RF circuits, digital circuits, signal processing, etc. Almost all major components encapsulated in the side of the motherboard. Vice-package-board, single module single band tuner and FeliCa with sending and receiving circuit. Components on the motherboard, such as RF circuits, power circuits and circuits for digital signal processing and so uniform. “It is very common in models of high-end Japanese components configured” (The Japanese manufacturers of mobile phones and technical staff).

The motherboard for mobile phone chips Qualcomm “MSM7500. It is the use of a high-pass and KDDI mobile phone to develop a common platform ‘KCP +’ standard chips, but also integrated into the GPS transceiver circuit. Sharp models from the summer of 2008 “W62SH” has begun to support KCP + terminals. Telephone main circuit follows the design of the original models, but their main efforts on the packaging of solar VGP-BPS2A battery modules.

Various methods of sealing the upper and lower casing

Equipped with solar battery modules, in addition, SH002 Another important feature is resistance to water IPX5/IPX7-level. The upper and lower waterproof case to achieve in different ways. Shows part of the chassis used is to use double sided tape on a frame with LCD panels and solar battery module sheet structure mask.

The keyboard side of the chassis used in both chassis and battery cases, respectively, between the folder structure in the filling of waterproof rubber for resistance to water. The side of the keyboard chassis material is fiberglass reinforced nylon resin off. In both upper and lower case are two ways of seeing “is also waterproof handheld products to achieve a very common approach” (The Japanese manufacturers of mobile phones and technical staff).

Improving the robustness of the measures is also equipped with rechargeable batteries can be seen. SH002 is equipped with lithium-ion rechargeable battery electrode is used in the shrink wrap on the motherboard to connect the terminal building. Japanese mobile phone rechargeable batteries typically radiate a flat electrode. The Sharp by changing the electrode structure so that when the phone slipped under circumstances such as poor contact of the battery has been defused. This electrode structure, Finnish Nokia and other handset manufacturers have adopted from abroad through the national mobile phone in Japan is also very rare “(technical staff above).

1, lead battery acid generation of electromotive force:

● lead acid battery charging, the positive plate is lead dioxide (PbO2) in sulfuric acid solution under the action of water molecules, a small quantity of lead dioxide and water generates dissociation of unstable substances – lead hydroxide (Pb (OH) 4), hydroxide ions in solution, ions lead (Pb) remain in the positive plate, so the lack of positive results on the electronic board. .

● lead acid Dell FK890 battery charging, the negative plates of lead (Pb), and the electrolyte of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) react to become lead ions (Pb 2), transfer of lead ions to

Electrolyte, the cathode board leaving excess

Both e-(2e).

● Thus, even when not connected to external circuit (battery

Open), due to a chemical reaction, positive plate

On the lack of electronics, a very fu on the electronic board redundant

As seen on the right, the bipolar plate, seen rising

A certain potential difference, which is battery

Momentum.

2, lead acid batteries during discharge of the electro-chemical reaction

● Lead acid batteries discharge when the potential difference in the hp Pavilion dv6 battery under the influence of a negative amount on board electronic form through the load in the positive plate current I. At the same time a chemical reaction in the battery.

● Each negative plate of lead atoms emit two electronics, the generation of lead ions (Pb 2) and the electrolyte in the sulfate ion (SO4 ֿ ²) reaction in a very on-board generation Lead insoluble in sulfuric acid (PbSO 4).

● positive plate of lead ions (Pb 4) obtained from the negative of the two electrons (2e), the lead ions in divalent (Pb 2) and the electrolyte in the sulfate ion (SO4 ֿ ²) reaction in the very edge to generate insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO 4). Hydrolysis of a positive plate of oxygen ions (O ֿ ²) electrolyte and hydrogen ion (H) reaction to form a stable material and water.

● electrolyte exist in sulfate ions and hydrogen ions in the evolution of the electric field under the action of the battery positive and negative, respectively, formed within the battery current, the formation of the whole loop , batteries continue to discharge outdoors.

● landfill reducing the concentration of H2SO4 is sulfuric acid on lead electrode negative (PbSO 4) increased resistance increased internal toshiba PA3591U-1BRS battery (non-conductive lead sulfate), concentration of electrolyte decreased the battery EMF reduction .

● chemical reaction equation is:

Cathode active material cathode material anode electrolyte active negative result resultant resultant electrolyte

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

PbO2 2H2SO4 Pb → PbSO 4 2H2O PbSO4

Lead oxide sulfate sulfuric acid Lead acid Lead

3, the lead acid battery charging process of electro-chemical reaction

● prosecution should have run off in the external power supply (charging rectifiers or pole) so that positive and negative plates in the discharge of substances released after restoring the original active substance, and the power of the outside world storage of chemical energy.

● In the positive plate in the current role of the outside world under the lead sulfate is dissociated in divalent lead ions (Pb 2) and sulfate anion (SO4-2) external power supply due to continuous positive lessons electronics then the positive plate in the vicinity of free divalent lead ions (Pb 2) continue to release two electrons added by tetravalent lead apple PowerBook G4 15 inch battery ions (Pb 4), and with water to continue to meet and, ultimately, the board has generated a very positive lead dioxide (PbO2).

● In the negative, the current role of the outside world under the lead sulfate is dissociated in divalent lead ions (Pb 2) and sulfate anion (SO4 ~ ²), because of the constant access to negative power electronics from the outside, then the negative near the free divalent lead ions (Pb 2) has been in and lead (Pb), and velvets, as wireless is set to negative.

● electrolyte, cathode continuous generation of hydrogen ions (H) and sulphate (SO4 ~ ²), produced a constant negative sulfate ions (SO4 ~ ²), under the influence of the electric field, hydrogen ions move to cathode, sulfuric acid ions move toward the cathode to form a current.

● late charge under the influence of the external current solution in the reaction of water electrolysis will occur.

● chemical reaction equation is:

Material of cathode and anode and cathode electrolyte electrolytes resulting resulting resulting negative

PbSO4 2H2O → PbSO 4 Pb PbO2 2H2SO4

Lead sulphate, lead sulphate lead sulphate lead oxide

4, after loading / unloading lead-acid electrolyte in the battery changes

● From the above we can see that discharge lead acid batteries, the electrolyte of sulfuric acid in steady decline in water gradually increased, the solution has decreased.

● From the above we can see that the lead-acid battery charging, increasing the electrolyte of sulfuric acid, water, decreased the proportion of increase of the solution.

● practical work, you can change depending on the proportion of electrolyte to determine the extent of lead-acid battery charging ..

Experts predict that called ISP (FluoroSulfonylImide) of the TFSI anion is known to be a substitute material. This equipment and TFSI is different from the right and left with the non-CF3, but F. CF3 F ratio smaller, thus reducing the overall size. As mentioned above, small ions, the charge density will be larger, easier to form crystals, but the magnitude of the size of ions, most of the viscosity the easier it is to reduce the effect best. The reason is that the ionic liquid through the ionic liquid itself, the performance of the viscous resistance of promoting the charge.

Above have been saying that the negative ions, in fact, positive ions are also a number of options. For example, you can use the name EMI (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) substances. In the melting point is concerned, the use of salt TFSI -18 ℃, the use of salt as a ISP -12.9 ℃, the practical application there are no major differences. The viscosity at 25 ℃ different ISPs 32.6mPa • s • s 17.9mPa until reduced by about half. In addition, ISPs in the electrolyte, the ionic conductivity reflect the performance of 9.1mS/cm increased 16.5mS/cm, has raised almost doubled. These indicators, but not as an organic solvent widely used at present, but belong to the same level of organic solvent. In this way, ISPs should be applied to the Dell FK890 battery.

In practice, the battery experiences of First Instance has achieved unexpected results: FSI and TFSI different, is not detrimental to the anode. The TFSI, there will be damage to the battery anode serious problems. And for reasons unknown.

Although still in the evaluation of the implementation stage, but not the anode corrosion, at least the performance of basic operation was confirmed. That any “rich” (Kansai University, Ishikawa), so that future performance will be constantly improved.

Make all the technology of solid coating particles, the battery

The second way to leave the organic solvent is the set of cells in the solid state. Original positive and negative is strong, then simply become a solid electrolyte can be. Osaka Prefecture University has studied the use of the class of sulphides all batteries, the solid electrolyte. For example, heating Li2S-P2S5 crystal glass after battery class, its conductivity at room temperature for more than 10-3S/cm reached. Has been achieved with the current use of the same level as the liquid electrolyte. In addition, the conductivity also increases in May are forecast to have reached a “seven times” the objective “dark horse”.

Osaka Prefecture University in April 2009, published jointly with the Toyota battery technology for all-solid coating particles. All semiconductor state thin film lithium battery type and accumulation-type. To use the car, the capacity is the decisive factor, if the University of Osaka Prefecture may improve the ability of the accumulation type launched a vigorous development. Specific approach of the negative active material, the cathode active material and solid electrolyte particles composed of three samples, respectively, according to the levels of bias of the Dell GD761 battery law is gradually changing the mixing ratio, mixing and overlapping.

The difficulty lies in the method of grain contact resistance limit. This case, if the central government of the liquid electrolyte can be used “phenomenon” wet to ensure solid contact and liquid. While the differences between solids, micro-view of a single contact. In response, industry has been taken to put pressure on the deformation of tiny particles occurs as a means to increase the contact surface of the evolution of ideas.

Osaka Prefecture University was chosen as a starting point in another direction, by the use of solid electrolyte thin film coating of electrode active material particles on the surface to reduce contact resistance. Electrode active material LiCoO2 used (cobalt oxide, lithium), the VGP-BPS9A solid electrolyte Li2S used P2S5 types of material particles coated with PLD (filing of pulsed laser ablation) method.

PLD is one of the methods of thin film deposition. Objective is to use laser ablation, so the target material sputtered thin film formed on the bottom. Here, the practice is located in the above objective, located in the lower floor. Side of the floor vibrating, so the particle flux LiCoO2, hand, and the solid electrolyte particles are deposited on the surface to form a thin film. The particles are made from ALL-strong unit and the use of coated particles avoiding manufacturing time compared to a larger unit capacity. Confirmed the effectiveness of coated particles, so that all semiconductor sony VGP-BPS2A battery state practice, a major breakthrough.

Even if the battery is environmentally friendly, do not throw anything

And many people do not realize is that the family of waste generated in daily life nickel-cadmium batteries and cell mercuric oxide and electronic waste, etc., of June 6, 2008 for more inclusive in the national list of hazardous waste “of.

An industry source in recent years the state to solve the pollution problem of used batteries, and make the source of cells for “mercury free”. Nine ministries and commissions under the December 31, 1997 jointly published a “product of the limited hp 338794-001 battery on the mercury rule” requiring that companies since January 1, 2002, the ban on domestic production of mercury batteries is higher 0.025% by weight of the battery, self – January 1, 2006, the ban on domestic distribution of mercury is greater than the weight of the battery of 0.0001% of the alkaline zinc-manganese batteries. Under current conditions of treatment are not very good conditions, a focus on environmental risks.

Tian Guirong also heard this news, she said, protecting the environment, the battery is not a problem, but in some places in southern Henan, which flows into the battery, only a few cents of each section so that the battery that can guarantee its security. Moreover, even if the IBM ThinkPad R50 battery is environmentally friendly, it is the whole body is a treasure, copper, zinc, leather, lead, recycling cans and garbage on the same cast in vain, that is not damage?

Background

Lead-acid battery is the most dangerous

According to the department of environmental protection-ie, the state offers three types of batteries must be recycled hazardous waste, namely lead from car battery acid car batteries, electric – button batteries and nickel-old cell phone, cadmium batteries.

According to experts, car battery, batteries for electric vehicles, lead acid batteries contain lead and sulfuric acid because it is the garbage dump, one of the most dangerous.

The data show that the lead acid battery electric bicycle is consumables, branded batteries for a year to be replaced two years.

“Aucma electric car service maintenance sales, trade toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery in 330 yuan, if the direct purchase, it is necessary to 490 yuan.” Just here for the very fact that the batteries of electric vehicles, said, maintenance staff, said the batteries must be Depot, Depot Lane, following the lead acid battery to create a new battery.

The reporter again visited Zhengzhou several store brand repair, maintenance staff and the fact that the situation say about.

However, according to an informed source language, there are many streams of battery electric vehicles to the lifeboat station, where they are drained acid batteries in the position, then remove thecbattery inside the metal lead sale. Has been emptied of acid inside containing zinc, manganese, cadmium and other heavy metals, which contain harmful heavy metals, acid directly into sewers, then infiltrated into the groundwater, the consequences are frightening .

Proposed

As soon as possible to establish a comprehensive network of recycling

Some media reports, the expert of recycling waste in the use of renewable resources in Jiangsu Whampoa Limited, Chairman of the cursor Chen said that at present most domestic firms lack the capacity deal effectively with lead acid batteries can be discarded as garbage. While the electric bicycle is in use produces no pollution from exhaust gases, but the batteries that pollution caused by automobile exhaust is not much smaller.

The Tian Guirong, the lack of recovery of the apple A1008 battery capacity, not because no technology is the key to profit is too low, no one is willing to do.

According to its introduction in developed countries, approximately 50% of used batteries must be recycled through the creation of new social values. As the treatment of battery recycling industry protecting the environment, many national governments have to have subsidies, as in Switzerland and Japan, each dealing with a ton of waste batteries, a grant from corporate governance of waste battery, about RMB 5000. In the United States, if the user is not used to return the battery manufacturers, retailers or wholesalers, each bought a new battery will need to pay 3-5 dollars. Therefore, the United States, nearly 100% recovery of batteries.

China’s current policy of fighting against pollution featuring “polluter pays”, the call Guirong Tian: China should increase the variety of efforts to recycle batteries rectification and regulation of the market as soon as possible to establish a network Complete Recycling.

In recent years, the activities of model airplanes, thoroughly with the popularity of the dynamic model aircraft have become more demanding. That the convenience of electric start model aircraft, but also pollution-free, easy to use, more and more fans of model airplanes, and there are many projects have been included in international competition. The world’s four major hot spots of electricity to any of the products of nickel-hydride batteries in metal in its own unique advantage to become the main choice of the power of Airbus.

The characteristics of Ni-MH battery Ni-MH battery is the hydrogen in the study prepared on the basis of a new type of energy. It uses a new type of cathode materials, and compared to nickel-cadmium batteries has the following advantages:

Above the energy of the same type Ni-MH battery that the battery capacity nickel-steel capacity 1.5-2 times high as the AA-size batteries, nickel steel is generally ap-800 milliamps, while the nickel-hydride batteries, metal may reach 1000 – 1500 milliampere hours.

No memory effect so-called memory effect refers to the portion of the discharge of the battery nickel steel, as if “remember” In the past, there is no end of electrical discharge when the battery reaches the discharge point, the tension of a permanent decline, while remaining within the capacity of the battery with the charging time increased so that the actual availability of electricity gradually reduced, so that devices Electrical work correctly. Ni-MH Dell Latitude D510 battery without memory effect, each time after use, regardless of days without discharge of residual charge may be payable directly.

Pollution due to nickel-hydride batteries contain metals cadmium, lead, mercury and other metals, it produces no pollution of the steel on the human body and environment are sound, called “green batteries. ”

Quick charge and discharge because of the benefits unique internal Ni-MH battery itself has a heavy load of excellent results and current discharge and cycle life can reach more than 510 times.

Operating voltage of the battery in the 1.2-1.3V operating voltage between the batteries and nickel-fu the same, do not need to change the design of electrical origin, you can replace nickel-cadmium batteries.

Therefore, nickel-hydride batteries, metal can be widely used not only for electronic equipment, instruments and meters, power tools, scooters, and communications equipment, but also for electric model aircraft, and the more we can say superior performance. The current nickel-metal hydride batteries are A, AA, AAA, SC models.

Electric model airplane purchased for the performance of the Dell Latitude D520 battery electric model aircraft is currently used in electric motors are DC permanent magnet motor. Its high speed, no load speed of 10,000 rpm or more, the current work is great. Figure 1 is the text of this motor characteristic curve of a typical IQ. Of the IQ curve can be seen with the Q value increases gradually, I straight up, therefore, the performance requirements of batteries are very strict, mainly in the following points:

1. The power density to be great is the instantaneous discharge performance is better. No significant drop in output voltage in conditions show more effect of the current ideal, which requires the battery internal resistance should be particularly low. Figure 2 Equivalent circuit for the battery circuit. As shown on the graph: the door) engine operating current l = E / R + Zn is not only limited by their resistance, but also, and the battery internal resistance r is closely related. Part of the internal resistance R of the electrical energy will be consumed into heat, causing the battery internal heat. (2) Lots of engine operating voltage. E-Ir, Ir fall When asked to output current is high (eg, motor 540 is internal resistance of 0.5 ohms, while the AA type Ni-MH Dell Latitude D600 battery internal resistance is generally more 10 cents to 30 cents between the European Union) battery internal resistance will not be ignored. For the electric model aircraft is, we try to use a small internal resistance of batteries, in order to facilitate urgent to improve the performance of discharge.

2. The energy density is higher. The density of the so-called energy refers to the unit mass of the battery capacity, with the mAh / g or Ah / kg representation, it is an important parameter for measuring the battery, the same weight capacity of the battery the more the better. For the model airplane for the airplane, although the weight of the power, but power was significantly increased on the other hand, can get the same amount of power, but reduce the weight of the model plane has greatly improved the power and performance of flight.

3. High capacity load current is better. For fans of model airplanes, the flight environment is often in the wild, their equipment and time are very limited, requiring the battery in a short period of time to add capacity, c That is what we call the crisis capacity. As the nickel-metal hydride power He has no memory effect, unlike nickel-tin batteries do not need to “put enough net” and may therefore be at the controls of a cycle without charge current IC discharge may be made to supplement the power. In addition, it should be good over-charging and over-discharge capacity, self-discharge rate is lower. The Dell Latitude D610 battery capacity of each combined cell resistance internal self-discharge, temperature and other properties must be strictly in line to achieve the best results.

China Ni-MH battery state of current world production of nickel-metal hydride batteries mainly by the Japanese monopoly. China in the early eighties to begin production in 1996, total production of about 30 million, and foreign products less capacity, ICLL% DOD cycle charge and discharge at least 500 times the rate of uniformity of products is poor, is not conducive to the combination of higher prices. However, since 1997, some local manufacturers to produce a nickel-hydride power metal to greatly improve quality, such as rare earth Jining wide, Zhuhai and if the battery company with Professor Wang Jisan invention “that the penetration electrode technology “production of nickel-metal hydride batteries, electric model aircraft flying tests, the effect is ideal. Test models used for the modification of P3A plus imports of 05 engines. Impeller for D180, Model H120, a takeoff weight of 1,000 grams, the Dell Latitude D620 battery voltage is 7. ZV. Based on test data to see AA-capacity battery type has reached 1400-1500 mA, resistance to an average of 15-18 cents in Europe, self-discharge of less than 15% weight 25 grams, the cost reduced by 30%, selling prices and steel battery Nickel was near. This amateur model aircraft, which proved to be a good news, but to replace the nickel-steel cell is a solid foundation.

Ni-MH battery and maintenance 1. Nickel-metal hydride batteries used currently, there are three main methods of charging, fast charging, load push standard slow charge. Charging time and current charge may refer to following table:

Table C for the nominal capacity of the battery mAh; I for the charge mA, T for hours charging time. Standard generally constant load current, constant voltage, the load pulse wave. Most of the rectifier 10 is currently commercially available current-limiting device means simple pieces of nickel charger. A proposed self-television company D adjustable mA constant current source for nickel-hydride batteries in metal. Depending on the size of current selection, charging time: T = 1.4-1.5) C / I calculation. In addition, the absence of exceptional circumstances, is generally not used for more urgent IC load current from the Laptop battery to prevent excessive internal pressure increases, causing a leak, damage to the battery.

2 Ni-MH battery car, the discharge capacity of large, non-use of electricity must first be laid off after the store, and the standard charge and discharge every six months once.

3. Under normal circumstances, the battery and the discharge time up to 500 times or more, with the increase in charge-discharge capacity will decrease, resistance increases, the capacity utilization of a year carry out inspections to prevent overcharging and over discharging. 4. Remove the battery should be stored long-term need.

Israel has launched a thin paper battery, the electrolyte and electrodes for special fluid that can be printed directly on paper. The total thickness of the Laptop battery is only half a millimeter, the voltage of 1.5 V, shelf life of two and a half years, the capacity depends on the surface of the card battery. The battery is only 1 cent per square foot cost, energy consumption is equivalent to a 5 batteries alkaline. The battery is widely used in a variety of electronic smart cards, disposable cell phones. The pollution of the battery currently being reviewed by the Company of paper-based rechargeable batteries.

One Israel’s called “Electric Paper Company” Small developers have developed a battery of paper, pulp moist dielectric materials, the practice of ink on paper embossed with a special electrolyte.

“The New York Times, said that disclosure of these new, paper, batteries generate electricity the same way with the existing batteries are zinc traditional – battery manganese dioxide, the difference is the dielectric. Development of staff, said: “We dielectric ink used to print a very special chemical composition is a secret.”

According to the company that introduced the thick stack of paper is equivalent to use boxes, milk cartons, media power, the positive and negative electrodes and electrical conductors layered embossing paper or plastic substrates, which can produce 1.5 volts of power. Since the sony VGP-BPS2A battery fairly flat, the installed power not in terms of volume, while in terms of floor area. For example, to provide a level equivalent to 3 x AA batteries, paper, surface about 30.5 square centimeters. Enlarge the area of the stack of paper, providing more power.

International Paper Company and several companies have with Israel, the company signed a cooperation agreement, electricity and paper itself also intends, through its Hong Kong-based factories, the production of this new battery.

German manufacturer of micro-electronic components, president of KSW Micro Technology, said, using stacks of paper will be the first microelectronic products available by the end of this year. KSW has used a pocket of blood followed up with changes in temperature stack of paper in transit “smart labels”, which includes chips, paper, batteries, temperature sensors, wireless devices such as antennas and receivers, costs associated with each tag around two dollars.

Paper battery life of two to two and a half, Tadiran lithium VGP-BPS10 battery manufacturer Assistant Chief Executive that the battery “paper for smart cards, etc., disposable products, is a perfect technology.”

Scientific progress and technological surprise ever to mankind ever. Scientists in Singapore 15, announced they have invented a “pile of paper, one can use the urine of a medical examination material for the production of electricity can be.

Scientists have tried to develop is capable of testing a variety of diseases, a direct result of and can provide high volume production of micro-”biochip”. But so far, and not micro “biochip” that is small enough and cheap enough to supply energy consuming equipment.

States-Ji Li (phonetic) in Singapore, led by Dr. Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology research team invented the stack “paper” is to solve this problem.

Dr Lee at the “micro-mechanical and micro-engineering magazine, brought this new invention. This” stacks of paper “small, low cost, can be used for the detection of liquid (such as the urine) Power of inspection equipment to analyze a variety of chemical composition, such as diabetes, blood glucose testing.

With this “stacks of paper, people use home devices from disposable screening when they no longer have to use lithium batteries or other external power source.

Dr Lee said that the battery can be easily inserted into the credit card size “biochips”, in and through the test liquid (urine, for example) contacts provided to check the equipment to produce electricity. 0.2 ml of urine can produce about 1.5 volts to 1.5 MW of energy. The “whole stack of paper” in length 60 mm, width 30 mm, thickness of only 1 mm is determined by a solution of copper chloride in the clip of paper soaked in the post-magnesium tablets and compressed into one end of copper. The industry believes that this battery “paper” is the second in Japan TOTO invention can measure blood pressure, blood glucose, body weight and WC Smart FAT innovation more broadly.

As the vehicles most promising of electricity from lithium-ion Laptop battery, lithium iron phosphate power battery has excellent safety, long cycle life, high energy density advantages. But how to improve the performance of its magnification to improve its high temperature characteristics, so as to satisfy the hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles, the use of demand is the lithium iron phosphate manufacturers are faced with important questions . Improving the performance of the supply of lithium iron phosphate, high performance and low temperature, the first approach is positive and negative materials, nano-technology, doping and carbon coated, followed by selection and the rational use of conductive agent, 3 to choose low electrolyte temperature, of course, a structural design reasonable, a reasonable choice gap, this article introduces the agent driver in the application of lithium iron phosphate describes how a reasonable choice conducting agent, how wise use of the conductive agent, thereby enhancing the lithium iron phosphate for high performance and low temperature performance and a magnification to prolong the life of lithium phosphate iron.

The lithium iron phosphate work

Lithium iron phosphate does the following diagram -1 and -2 shows the following pattern:

1, charge a Li + crystals of iron phosphate lithium surface 010 of crystal migration to the surface under the action of the electric field strength in the electrolyte through the diaphragm, and then migrate through the electrolyte to the surface of graphite crystals, and then incorporated in the crystal lattice of graphite. At the same time, e-flow positive response by the conductor of the collector foil after an ear, the pole of the sony VGP-BPS2 battery and the external circuit, the negative, the flow of anode copper anode set of ear fluid, and flows then through the conductors of graphite anode, so that negative electrical Heda balanced. Lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion elimination of the inlay, iron phosphate lithium iron phosphate, its structural changes in the trellis diagram above -2.

2, the battery discharge, Li + de-embedded crystal graphite in the electrolyte through the diaphragm, and then migrate through the electrolyte to iron phosphate crystals of lithium on the surface, then re-integrated into surface by 010 lithium iron phosphate in the crystal lattice. At the same time, the battery passes through the conductor collector of copper cathodes, after an ear, the battery negative column, outside the circuit, the positive pole, the positive ear flow VGP-BPS10 battery cathode current collector sheet aluminum and circulate through the iron phosphate conductive body lithium anode, so that the positive electric Heda balanced.

Lithium iron phosphate from works that we can see that the lithium iron phosphate loading and unloading process is lithium ion and electron to participate, and lithium-speed migration of ions and the speed migration of electrons to strike a balance. This requires positive and negative electrodes for lithium-ion conductor mixed ionic and electronic and ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity must be consistent. But we all know, the conductivity of iron phosphate lithium poor performance. The conductivity of the graphite anode, while the best, but to achieve significant rates of rejection, we still need to improve cathode conductivity, so that the electronic conductivity of lithium ion-embedded in graphite the ability to find a balance.

To meet the lithium iron phosphate positive and negative conduction problems, it must be added to the battery positive and negative conducting agent, so that the active ingredient in the formation of battery model in Figure -3 and figure 4 SEM photographs shown in the effective conductive network. 2 if the BATCL50L battery capacity of ion conduction that I set, the electronic transmission capacity set to E, then in theory I = E, 3, to ensure the battery charge and discharge process, the burden of maintaining homeostasis: I = I = cathodic electrolyte I = I divide electrolyte cathode = I, E = collector anode-cathode current E = E = ear very CRT-chu E = E = external circuit cathode E-chu anode = E = ear E = E anode from the cathode current collector. (This equation is actually three lithium-ion battery designed for an important principle, but the actual process of design and production process itself, how to achieve these three equations, but also need to develop a series of experiments to verify a mathematical model or an empirical formula, and then these models, or formulas to achieve the design of lithium-ion battery)

Rated battery capacity of C, units of Ah (Ah) is the discharge to a stream (A) and the discharge time (h) of the product. Because the same cell with different parameters of discharge is different Ah derived to describe the Laptop battery capacity to measure and compare it easier, you have to pre-established uniform conditions. In practice, the battery capacity is defined as follows: A series of current to the battery discharge voltage to the specified number of power set. Can also be said that the battery capacity is: a set of current to the battery discharge voltage at the time and find out the current product.

To coordinate a uniform conditions, especially battery structure according to different characteristics and uses, the number of relief, the common, 20 hours, 10 hours, if the ratio of electric vehicle battery 2 hours discounted what is written is C20, C10, and C2, where C set followed on behalf of the battery capacity, a digital representation of such cells in a certain intensity to the current-voltage discharge in the number of hours. As a result, the ability to reach out with the number of hours nominal discharge. In other words, while the flow rate are the same capacity of the various batteries, they are far away from a nominal discharge. For example, an electric bicycle battery capacity of 10 Ah, relief for 2 hours, what is written 10Ah2, it’s rated discharge current of 10 (Ah) / 2 (h) = 5A, while a car to start the battery capacity 54AH, rated discharge rate for 20 hours which is written in 54Ah20, the discharge currently only 54 (Ah) / 20 (h) = 2.7! For a perspective, these two batteries used in 5A, and 2.7A, if the current discharge, you should be able to separate for 2 hours and 20 hours before she was set to the voltage.

The voltage is the so-called set-off voltage (unit V). Termination voltage can be understood simply as follows: when the battery voltage drops to the discharge does not cause harm to a minimum. Termination voltage is not fixed, and it increases the discharge current decreases, should be higher with a larger battery discharge current, voltage termination may be lower, and vice versa. Enable In other words, high-current discharge sony VGP-BPS2A battery voltage drops to a lower value, while causing little actual relief for the No, or damage.

Batteries in the work of the current is also often used to enlarge what is written NCh represented. N is a multiple of C the capacity of the security on behalf of the number of hours said, h, the discharge is the number of hours. Here, h values are connected only as a reminder of the battery tailor the type of discharge, there is a precise description of the battery when the rate when the magnification is often read in the form of NC, without the written standard. Multiples of N by the capacitance C multiplied by the current equivalent to A. For example, 20Ah battery vote with 0.5C discharge, 0.5 × 20 = 10A. Start From another perspective, for example: a motor vehicle sony VGP-BPS2 battery capacity 54AH, measured the output current of 5.4 A, then it is to vote at this time of the discharge N = 5.4 / 54 = 0.1C