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Currently, scientists are still often try to vacuum tubes (vacuumtubes) for processing of micro-enterprises, but not many examples of success, especially due to the types of glass packaging in most applications, the valve was replaced by transistors.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign), researchers have argued that the vacuum tubes can be used as an apple iBook G4 12 inch battery with high energy density, or non-volatile memory of the base, said that, in theory, nano-sized picture of the energy density of vacuum tubes up to three times the lithium-ion battery.

Researchers at the University of Illinois AlfredHubler with OnyeamaOsuagwu, published an article titled “Quantum Digital batteries: The energy and density of nano-tube array is stored in the paper, but research is still theoretical, but the practical verification.

The document is based on establishing the presence of emission devices (field-emissiondevices) has clearly allows the study of current through the structure, the authors argue that the operative field emission of nano-level through an appropriate design, be able to Electrical Breakdown (electricbreakdown) to the quantum phenomenon of compression, the distance difference of 10 nm, under its hp Pavilion DV1000 battery capacity is very high.

The nano-matrix structure of the tube, the critical spacing is slightly larger than the distance of 10 nm at the cathode and anode, the rules of the cathode to the vertical alignment, with knots of advanced lithography of now fairly. Authors noted that the energy density of vacuum is subjected to a vacuum breakdown (vacuumbreakdown) is limited, but below atmospheric pressure 106torr circumstances, the electric field would not rely on the residual gas (residualgas) but with the electrode surface characteristics.

Document stresses that the nano-tube energy / power density than Lithium-ion 6Y270 batteries and electrochemical capacitors (electrochemicalcapacitors), the estimated weight per kg energy density up to 1-Mjoules while the volume density of energy per cubic meter up to 3 Gjoules. And the quantum number of the battery (even if it’s the number 1 billion combined in a network of vacuum tubes), there are many other benefits.

First, the tube may be a lithography technology and the traditional cake application of metallic materials, the silicon substrate to produce and can be done using silicon oxide in the tube wall insulation material d anode is recommended for carbon nanotubes cathode materials, you can use tungsten (tungsten). In addition, the battery can be easily integrated into the substrate of integrated circuit chip that can be used as rechargeable batteries.

Table vacuum tube, there are other advantages, including its charge and discharge rate exceed all other components; authors also stressed that, due to nano-tubes can be maintained for several years without loss of Electric Power May be used as nonvolatile memory components.

In the market for electric bicycles, the most commonly used is the lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, which uses the adsorption shingles fiberglass battery AGM, and the use of colloidal gel based gel technology batteries electrolyte.

Lead-lead acid battery-acid 6Y270 battery works in the anode (PbO2) and cathode (PB) soaked in electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid), have clusters of inter-2v power. Discharge of chemical changes in dilute sulfuric acid, which work with the cathode and anode active counseling react to produce new compounds, lead sulfate. Sulfuric acid composition released by the discharge of the electrolyte flow over the concentration of sulfuric acid from the thinnest. The consumption of components and is proportional to the amount of discharge, as the measured concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte, which is measured the specific gravity, it turns out that the volume of discharge or the residual power. Loading of the chemical modification of the discharge plate anode, a cathode plate is produced by the reduction of lead sulphate in the charge was broken down into sulfuric acid, lead and lead peroxide, so that concentration of electrolyte in the battery gradually increases, which is the electrolyte, the proportion of the increase and a gradual return to pre-discharge levels, this shows that the battery has been restored to the active substance can be re -powered state when the bipolar lead sulfate has been restored to the original active substance, which is equivalent to charging the tip of the plate cathode to produce hydrogen, the anode plate is produced oxygen, the burden to the finals, almost all current is used in the electrolysis of water, which the electrolyte is reduced at this time should complete the water.

AGM battery is a F2024B battery in the infusion of dilute sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid is absorbed in the ultra-fine fiber separator glass plates and almost no flow of electro-hydraulics. Currently on the market majority of AGM batteries battery electric bike.

Gel-type electrolyte gel gel battery is not free after the electro-hydraulic and battery acid leakage is much less likely than the first infusion of his more than 10 ~ 15% sulfuric acid, the loss water was low and it would not freeze the battery water loss caused by failure; gel made in increasing the intensity of the score, the protection of the plate to compensate for the case of partition shrinkage defects in acid, so the editing is not easy to reduce the pressure to extend the life of the battery with one of the reasons, filling the clap and frost the gap between the plates thereby reducing the internal resistance of the battery charge acceptance could be improved. Therefore, an excessive discharge of gel batteries, the capacity of recovery of Shaanxi and loads at low temperature discharge performance is higher than AGM batteries, gel consistency of the stack is much better than competing batteries AGM. China has been mass produced gel has the following four categories: Gas gum, silica sol, soil mixed with a gel organic silicon polymer.

Lithium-ion VGP-BPS2 battery works are recharging the battery, the cathode material of lithium-out, through the diaphragm into the graphite anode, the battery discharges, the lithium-ion and off of ‘graphite anode, cathode material through the membrane back in. With lithium-ion loading and unloading of continuous positive and negative molding and prolapse.

Lithium-Ion battery is a rechargeable battery, because it has a high energy density may be high current charge and discharge, no memory effect, raw materials, low cost, environmentally friendly and Many other advantages, so after the advent of the rapid increase in sales year after year in the future will probably become two sub-cells winner. 90 years since the beginning of last century, since the electronic products in button batteries, cell phones, digital dc products in the lithium battery is also applied to electric bicycles. However, the cost of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles accounted for one third to half the cost is much greater than lead acid batteries in vehicle weight. And because the lithium batteries of high specific energy, materials, poor stability, lithium batteries subject to safety problems. As technology developed lithium-ion battery electric vehicles will become a trend of high quality.

KDDI launched models of mobile phone brand in 2009 summer “SOLAR PHONE SH002. Sharp is the main features of this phone is the first time in Japan back in the chassis is equipped with a solar toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery module. In emergency situations such as battery margin is equal to zero, it can be used as an auxiliary power source. “Prosecution sun for about 10 minutes when the call lasts about 1 minute in standby could insist on approximately 2 hours (KDDI).

SH002 is also a charger, it also equipped with a reception at single band, FeliCa e-billing capabilities, the GPS receiver and Bluetooth transceiver functions such as high-end mobile phones in Japan, all features function of “full” model. And also has a resistance level IPX5/IPX7 water. Produced with the assistance of technical personnel has been dismantling.

Anti-noise solar battery module

First, look at the screen with a parts of the solar battery module. Sharp is equipped with solar A1008 battery module development. Dimension of about 67.5mm x 41.0mm x 0.8mm. To achieve the thickness of 0.8mm, using the technology of semiconductor packaging. “Whether domestic large-scale solar battery module thin. Tectonics completely different” (technical staff, a Japanese manufacturer of solar battery).

According to Sharp this conversion efficiency of solar battery modules is 13%, the maximum output power of 300mW Note 1). The output voltage of 4.5V, the voltage can be used for lithium-ion batteries. “10 The output voltage of 0.5 V solar battery polycrystalline silicon serial (the technical staff above). Module grounding has 9 dorsal electrode. Assisting in the dismantling of Japanese manufacturers of mobile phones and technical staff to speculate: “module of solar batteries may play a role in the antenna can easily generate electromagnetic noise. Thus, to take an anti-noise measurements. “

Shows part of the chassis is equipped with features of low power consumption of 1.1-inch monochrome e-paper. Solar battery module can display the feeding process with the performance when loading and free talk time. E-paper with a bright side to sensors, from the values obtained in the module’s electronic paper display in the use of solar BATCL50L batteries in the process of charging efficiency.

SH002 The main emphasis on two motherboards to PCB. RF circuits, digital circuits, signal processing, etc. Almost all major components encapsulated in the side of the motherboard. Vice-package-board, single module single band tuner and FeliCa with sending and receiving circuit. Components on the motherboard, such as RF circuits, power circuits and circuits for digital signal processing and so uniform. “It is very common in models of high-end Japanese components configured” (The Japanese manufacturers of mobile phones and technical staff).

The motherboard for mobile phone chips Qualcomm “MSM7500. It is the use of a high-pass and KDDI mobile phone to develop a common platform ‘KCP +’ standard chips, but also integrated into the GPS transceiver circuit. Sharp models from the summer of 2008 “W62SH” has begun to support KCP + terminals. Telephone main circuit follows the design of the original models, but their main efforts on the packaging of solar VGP-BPS2A battery modules.

Various methods of sealing the upper and lower casing

Equipped with solar battery modules, in addition, SH002 Another important feature is resistance to water IPX5/IPX7-level. The upper and lower waterproof case to achieve in different ways. Shows part of the chassis used is to use double sided tape on a frame with LCD panels and solar battery module sheet structure mask.

The keyboard side of the chassis used in both chassis and battery cases, respectively, between the folder structure in the filling of waterproof rubber for resistance to water. The side of the keyboard chassis material is fiberglass reinforced nylon resin off. In both upper and lower case are two ways of seeing “is also waterproof handheld products to achieve a very common approach” (The Japanese manufacturers of mobile phones and technical staff).

Improving the robustness of the measures is also equipped with rechargeable batteries can be seen. SH002 is equipped with lithium-ion rechargeable battery electrode is used in the shrink wrap on the motherboard to connect the terminal building. Japanese mobile phone rechargeable batteries typically radiate a flat electrode. The Sharp by changing the electrode structure so that when the phone slipped under circumstances such as poor contact of the battery has been defused. This electrode structure, Finnish Nokia and other handset manufacturers have adopted from abroad through the national mobile phone in Japan is also very rare “(technical staff above).